17 Historical Landmarks in Italy You Don’t Want to Miss

With its millennia of civilization, Italy has an incredible wealth of notable historic landmarks. From Greek and Roman Temples to Renaissance churches and from medieval castles to UNESCO classified villages, here are some of the country’s most valuable cultural sites from north to south and presenting some big names and a few lesser known gems.

The Last Supper, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

While this Renaissance church in honor of Holy Mary of Grace is beautiful, it’s certainly the mural that adorns the wall of its convent refectory that is the draw for most visitors. Arguably one of the most famous paintings in the world, Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” was commissioned by the Duke of Milan, Ludovico il Moro. He worked on the large 15 x 29 foot mural in 1494-97, illustrating the Last Supper of Jesus and his disciples at the moment Jesus announced that one of them would betray him. The  It’s advisable to book tickets in advance which you can do here.

Where to stay in Milan.

Roman Arena, Verona

Most people automatic link the charming northern Italian city of Verona as the setting of  Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, however, it is also home to one of the country’s most impressive Roman amphitheater. The vast, well-preserved 2000-year-ago arena could seat up to 30,000 spectators, though damage from an earthquake in 117 has limited this to 15,000. Today it is still used for concerts, notably an opera festival held each summer.

Where to stay in Verona.

Grand Canal, Venice

One of the most famous waterways in the whole world, the Grand Canal likely follows the course of an ancient river which flowed into the Venetian Lagoon. With the rise of the Republic of Venice through trade grand aristocratic homes replaced houses and warehouses on stilts which once stood on the edge of the canal. There are now more than 170 buildings flanking each side of the canal, mainly from the 13th to the 18th century. Spanning the canal are four bridges, the best known being the romantic Rialto Bridge.

Where to stay in Venice and the Venetian Lagoon.

St Mark’s Basilica, Venice

As much as its canals are emblematic of the Venice, it would be equally hard to imagine the city without its whimsical, gilded basilica. Originally built as the private chapel of the Doge, the rulers of the Republic of Venice whose palace is found next door, it has been the city’s cathedral only since 1807. Constructed from the early 1060s, the current basilica replaced a previous 9th century church. Its golden mosaics dazzle the eastern edge of the magical café-lined square of the same name.

Where to stay in Venice.

Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna

Often overshadowed by its crowded, canal interlaced neighbor to the north, for a time Ravenna was actually the capital of the Western Roman Empire. As such it was decorated with the spectacular churches, the most noteworthy being the Basilica of San Vitale. Built in the sixth century, the interior is virtually completely covered in mosaics illustrating various biblical stories. The octagonal basilica as well as eight other buildings in Ravenna, have been classified as UNESCO World Heritage.

Where to stay in Ravena.

Cinque Terre

A jewel of the Italian Riviera, the five towns of le Cinque Terre are among the prettiest coastal villages of Italy. Classified as a whole as UNESCO World Heritage, they can thus count as a landmark.  The colorful buildings of the towns making up the “Five Lands” cling impressively to coves along the Mediterranean starting from around 100 kms south of Genoa. Connected by hiking trails and a very crowded train line, the charm of the towns can best be appreciated by boat or slightly off season on the spring or fall.

Where to stay in Cinque Terre.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Certainly Italy’s best known tower, this medieval bell tower captivates the imagination. Found in the Field of Miracles next to Pisa’s cathedral, the tower started to lean a few years after they had started to build it in 1174 due to its sandy, feeble foundations. Construction was halted for a time and the tower was eventually finished in 1360. Made of white marble of nearby hills, the 186 foot tower has almost 300 steps. Contemporary restructuring works have ensured that the tower won’t topple over.

Where to stay in or near Pisa.

Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence

The most prominent structure of the elegant skyline of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore is one of Italy’s most cherished churches. Heralded for its revival of the classical dome at the beginning of the Renaissance era, the church was consecrated in 1436. Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, the dome was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and at the time it was the largest in existence. It is usually visited in conjunction with the other monuments found in the square, the Baptistery and Giotto’s Campanile, all UNESCO World Heritage Sites along with the historic center of Florence.

Where to stay in or near Florence.

Piazza del Campo, Siena

Yet another UNESCO World Heritage Site, this stunning medieval square was created at the intersection of the three main roads and was meant as a neutral place where political and civic holidays could be celebrated. Around the shell-shaped square are several important buildings including the  The Palazzo Pubblico and its famous tower, and the residential aristocratic “palazzi”. It’s the venue of Palio di Siena, an historic bi-annual horse-race disputed over by the 17 different districts of the city, which our villa experts at nearby Borgo Finocchieto highly recommend attending if you’re staying in Tuscany in the summer.

Where to Stay in or near Siena.

The Basilica di San Francesco, Assisi

This 13th century church was built in the town where Saint Francis, the founder of the Franciscan order, lived and died. As such it is one of the most important Catholic pilgrimage sites in the country. A rare example of the Gothic style in Italy, the complex was begun in 1228 consists of two churches and a crypt where the saint is buried. The interiors feature lovely stained glass and some impressive frescos by the likes of Giotto and Cimabue. The site overlooks the hills much beloved by the humble monk and makes for a unique cultural excursion around 150 kms from Siena and 180 kms from Rome.

Where to stay in or near Assisi.

The Colosseum, Rome

Possibly the most famous of all Roman buildings, this expansive amphitheatre could hold more than 50,000 spectators and was the largest constructed by the Romans. Completed in 80 AD under the rule of Titus, it is an impressive feat of engineering and architectural design. Used for gladiator battles and games, its opening was celebrated with one hundred days of games and was even filled with water for recreations of maritime battles. Much of its former elaborate decoration was pillaged over the centuries, however, it still evokes much awe.

Where to Stay in Rome.

The Pantheon, Rome

Considered the best preserved Roman building was finished under the reign of Hadrian in around 126 AD. The 142 foot circular structure has a portico of granite Corinthian columns atop which is a pediment and what is still the world’s largest reinforced concrete dome. Originally dedicated to all pagan Roman gods, in the 7th century it was converted into a Roman Catholic church in honor of “St. Mary and the Martyrs.” Today it is one of the visited sites of Rome, receiving around 6 million visitors annually.

Where to Stay in Rome.

Saint Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City, Rome

One of the greatest achievements of the Renaissance and designed by several of the most talented architects of all time, Saint Peter’s is the largest church in the world. In the Papal enclave of the Vatican City,  the current church replaced a previous one which stood here what is considered to be the place where Saint Peter was buried. It was constructed between 1506 and 1626 with contributions by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It’s most recognizable feature is its soaring dome, rising up 136.57 metres (448.1 ft), making it the world’s tallest dome.

Where to Stay in Rome.

Pompeii and Herculaneum, Naples

Devastatingly buried by volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, the remains of these two towns offer an amazing window into the live of ancient Rome. Visitors can wander the lanes of these vast archeological sites, viewing what is left of their houses, shops, public administrative buildings and other structures like a large 20,000 person amphitheater. Some objects, mosaics and other decorative work have been preserved and are on display on the sites and in the Archaeological Museum in Naples. You could spend a full day just at Pompeii, however, Herculaneum is well worth the visit and less busy.

Where to Stay in Naples.

The Amalfi Coast

Like Cinque Terre above, the Amalfi Coast marvels visitors with its dramatic coastline of picturesque villages hugging steep cliffs. Found below Naples, running from Positano to Salerno, this spectacular coast is also a laureate of the UNESCO World Heritage List. The best way to enjoy the area is by exploring the villages while basing yourself at a cliffside villa overlooking the stunning coast and gorgeous Mediterranean Sea.

Where to Stay along the Amalfi Coast.

Castel del Monte, Puglia

You might recognize this imposing fortress from the one cent Italian euro coin. It was completed in 1240 as the hunting lodge of Emperor Frederick II and became his seat of power. He had constructed many castles in the region, however, with its perfectly octagonal towers and advanced facilities for its time, it is quite unique. It served as a military stronghold for many centuries and since much of its more elaborate interior decoration and marble walls were looted over time. It is now a national monument at UNESCO Heritage Site.

Where to Stay in Puglia.

Valley of the Temples, Sicily

Next to the town of Agrigento is one of the most significant ancient Greek archeological sites and is the world’s largest archeological site at 1,300 hectares. On the site are seven temples, in the Doric style dating back to the 5th century AD. The site was first restored in the early 19th century and has since become an Italian National Monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. A highlight is the Temple of Concordia, an extremely well preserved temple with a six column, triangular pediment facade.

Where to Stay in Sicily.

One of the best ways to gain insight into the culture of a country is through its gastronomy, which is best done by visiting a local farmers’ market. This is especially enjoyable if you’re staying in an apartment or villa rental, where you can savor your delicious wares back at your home away from home. From the South of France to the peaks of the Swiss Alps and from the Greek islands to the British Isles, here’s our pick of some of the top markets across Europe.

Marché Saxe-Breteuil – Paris, France

Shopping at the market is still very much a custom in France and the capital city is no exception. With more than 80 outdoor markets across Paris on any given day (except Mondays) you’ll find a market in almost every neighborhood. Not all markets are the same, however, and that which pops up every Thursday and Saturday morning along Avenue de Saxe, in the chic 7th arrondissement, stands out for both its excellent stalls and its exceptional views of the Eiffel Tower and the Invalides. On display is a wide array of France’s finest produce, cheeses, charcuterie and other gastronomic products which extol l’art de vivre à la francaise.

Where to stay in Paris.

Marché d’Apt – Provence, France

Many of the towns of Provence feature lovely markets, and you’ll experience one of the most authentic in the picturesque medieval town of Apt. Labeled as a “marché d’exception,” it’s one of the top markets in all of France as well as one of the oldest, dating back to at least the 12th century. Every Saturday morning the main square and the surrounding cobblestone streets fill with up to 350 stalls abundant in provencal olives, fragrant lavender, juicy peaches, local handicrafts and much more.

Where to stay in the South of France.

Mercado Central – Valencia, Spain

The Boqueria in Barcelona and San Miguel in Madrid generally steal the spotlight when talking about Spanish markets, However, Valencia’s Mercado Central brings together the best of the country’s gastronomy without throngs of tourists. Upon entering the building, you’ll be struck with awe at the shimmering structure of iron and glass completed in 1914. Enjoy the sights and sounds as you stroll amidst towers of fresh and dried fruits, pots of piping hot paella, hanging Iberian hams and a careful selection of the freshest catches of the day caught right off the city’s coast.

Where to stay in Spain.

Mercato Testaccio – Rome, Italy

Most visitors to Rome browse the stalls of the popular Campo dei Fiori, however, for a genuine market experience in Rome, make your way to the Mercato Testaccio. Found close to Piramide subway station south of the Colosseum, the local market may now be found in a newly constructed building, but it still remains a true neighborhood market. Here you’ll find grandmothers picking out fresh ingredients for that day’s meals, see fresh pasta being made before your eyes, oggle the variety of seasonal artichokes or tomatoes, and hopefully leave with some delicious snacks for a picnic lunch down on the nearby Tiber river.

Where to stay in Rome.

Mercato della Pignasecca – Naples, Italy

Naples is all about food, so it isn’t surprising that the city has over 60 markets. The oldest is along via della Pignasecca and offers the best window into a true Napoletana mercato. Located just north of the Toledo subway station, this daily farmers’ market is popular with locals. Walk the crowded lanes to take in the colorful sights of seasonal fruits, bins upon bins of fresh fish (Naples is a port city after all), small production buffalo mozzarella and more varieties of tomatoes than you could ever imagine.

Where to stay in Naples and the Amalfi Coast.

Laiki Rhodes Town – Rhodes, Greece

Most towns across mainland Greece and the surrounding islands have a weekly or bi-weekly laiki; genuine farmers’ markets. These were first established in 1929 in an effort by the government to protect farmers, eliminating the middleman so they could sell directly to customers. If you’re holidaying in the Dodecanese or visiting the archaeological sites on Rhodes, you can find some delicious local food – and escape the crowds – at the laiki in Rhodes Town. Held every Wednesday and Saturday, you’ll be tempted by the boisterous vendors hawking homemade dolmades, straight off the boat seafood, bunches of gorgeous grapes and blocks of fabulous feta.

Where to stay in Greece.

Schrannenmarkt – Salzburg, Austria

The charming city of Salzburg hosts one of the country’s liveliest markets, the Schrannenmarkt, showcasing the finest in Austrian fresh produce, culinary specialties and traditional handicrafts. Located in the Old Town opposite St. Andräkirche church, this weekly market has been held every Thursday from 5:00am to 1:00pm since 1906 (or on Wednesday if Thursday is a holiday). As you amble through the 190 stalls, be sure to sample goods like brezen (pretzels), Bauernkrapfen, a round local pastry often topped with apricot preserves, handmade sausages and potent cheese.

Where to stay in Austria.

Farmers’ Market – Brig, Switzerland

The quaint Swiss town of Brig, nestled high in the Alps in the Canton Valais, is abuzz on Saturday mornings with its weekly farmers’ market. Take a break from skiing or hiking in the mountains to rub shoulders with the townsfolk as they shop for organic seasonal vegetables, sausage and meats and, of course, swiss cheese. If your timing is right, you may be lucky enough to also take in the annual mid-August Swiss Food Festival held in neighboring Zermatt. The resort is a food lover’s paradise with fabulous restaurants including two Michelin stars, Zermatt and 238 points in the Gault Millau guide, making it the top food destination of the Alps.

Where to stay in the Swiss Alps.

Broadway Market – London, England

Taste your way around the world at the cosmopolitan Broadway Market which takes place on Saturdays in Hackney, a beautiful and vibrant part of East London. Reach it by meandering along the lovely Regent’s Canal, minding bikes and buggies, and looking out for ducklings and terrapins as you go. Arriving at the market, pick up a coffee from the Climpson & Son’s stand to accompany your stroll and search. Bop along to the second-hand vinyl and buskers, appreciate the aromas wafting from the food stalls cooking up global cuisine, nibble on the free samples, rummage through vintage clothes, treat yourself to handcrafted jewelry from indie designers, peruse book stalls and try out organic toiletries. Once you’ve tasted the olive oils, hummus and pesto, gnocchi and sweet treats, make the tough decision on what to choose for your breakfast or lunch. Take your picnic to London Fields and devour, along with some of the best people watching you will find in the capital.

Where to stay in London.

Farmers’ Market in Castle Terrace – Edinburgh, Scotland

Few markets have such a pretty setting as the Edinburgh Farmers’ Market found on Saturdays in Castle Terrace with the impressive backdrop of the emblematic Edinburgh Castle. Opened in 2000, the market has flourished to become one of the best in the UK and is the holder of numerous accolades. It has over 50 stalls, most of which are run by farmers who produce what they sell. Tantalize your tastebuds with some artisanal chutneys, organic tayberries, craft beer or perhaps some haggis!
Where to stay in Scotland.

Milk Market – Limerick, Ireland

The bounty of the green fields of Ireland are honored at the 150+ farmers’ markets across the country. If you’re staying in the countryside you’ll probably stumble upon your village’s weekly market, or make your way to the historic city of Limerick, home to the fabulous Milk Market. Fortunately, there’s much more on offer here than dairy products as its name implies! Founded in 1852 and restored in the early 1990s, the Friday to Sunday market has exceptionally high quality products from sausages to seaweed and soda bread to shortbread cookies, and yes, there is some excellent fresh milk, cheese and creamy butter.

Where to stay in Ireland.